I Maikaʻi Ka Lepo, I Maikaʻi Ka Meaʻai Ma Hawaiʻi. Penei E Hoʻokō ʻIa Ai Kēlā
He kālele hou ko nā mea kau kānāwai a me nā mea noiʻi ma ke ʻalo ʻana o ka mokuʻāina i kahi manawa “quantum” no ka haku ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ʻāina i hiki ke kaukaʻi iā ia iho.
Kā ka luna hoʻoponopono nota: Unuhi ʻia na Ākea Kahikina. Click here to read this article in English.
Kealakekua, Hawaiʻi – ʻIke ʻo Bob Shaffer i ka lepo a ʻoi ma kona kū ʻana ma kahi ʻauwaha. ʻIke ʻo ia i ka palena papaha.
Ma kona noiʻi ʻana i ka lepo ma kahi mahi kope ma Kona ma ka Moku o Keawe, nānā ʻo Shaffer i kona ʻano a me kona hiʻona, ke ʻano a ka lepo e hoʻopili ai i nā aʻa a me kahi e loli ai nā pae lepo. ʻImi ʻo ia i nā koʻe.
He noiʻi mahiʻai ʻo Shaffer i hoihoi i ka lepo a me ka lāʻau ma nā ʻāina mahiʻai, a makemake ʻo ia e ʻike i ka ʻoi o ka lepo maikaʻi ʻole o nā mahiʻai, i hiki iā ia ke kākoʻo i ua mau mahiʻai nei e mālama pono i ko lākou mau ʻāina ponoʻī.
“ʻO ka lepo ke kahua o ka mālama ʻāina,” wahi a Shaffer.
He lālā ʻo Shaffer ma kahi pā mālama lepo ma Hawaiʻi e nānā i ka lepo no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ko Hawaiʻi ʻōnaehana meaʻai a me ko ka mokuʻāina kūʻēʻē ʻana i ka hoʻohuli aniau. Ua hele a nui kēlā pā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā mea kau kānāwai i hāpai i nā pila ma kēia wā ʻahaʻōlelo i pili loa a pili iki i ke olakino o ko ka mokuʻāina mau lepo.
Ka ʻEli
Inā ʻeli ʻia kahi lua me kona hohonu he ʻelima kapuaʻi ma nā wahi a pau ma ko Hawaiʻi paeʻāina, e loaʻa ana nō kahi pae lepo ʻokoʻa ma lalo. ʻOi aku paha ka hohonu o ka pae lepo ma Oʻahu a me Kauaʻi. Ma Hawaiʻi, ʻo ia kahi a Shaffer e noho nei, ʻoi aku nō ka papaʻu me he 14 ʻinika lā.
Aia nō ka ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi e mahiʻai ʻia a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻana o ka pono o kēlā me kēia mahiʻai a me ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.
Stemming The Tide
ʻAno ʻē ke anilā, mehana ka wai, piʻi ke kai, kuakea ke koʻa — e noho loa mai ana ka hoʻohuli aniau ma ʻaneʻi nei. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole nalowale ʻokoʻa nā mea a pau. E launa pū me Civil Beat ma kona nānā ʻana i nā pilikia a me nā kānaka ʻimi haʻina ma kāna pūkaʻina kūkākūkā pūnaewele hou ʻo “Stemming The Tide,” i hoʻokipa ʻia e Thomas Heaton.
“Inā nānā kākou i nā ʻeka e pau ai ka hana mahikō a me ka mahi halakahiki, ua nui nā ʻeka ma laila,” wahi a Shaffer. “Akā, ke ʻeli ʻia nā lua, e hōʻike ʻia ana ka nui o nā ʻeka i hiki ke mahiʻai ʻia.”
Ke hana nei ʻo Shaffer i kahi mana kikoʻī o ka hana e hāpai ʻia ma nā pila ma ka ʻAhaʻōlelo — ʻo ia ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho papa ʻana i ka lepo i hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia ka lepo me ka ʻoi o ka hopena no ka mahiʻai, ka mālama nāhelehele ʻana a me nā hana ʻē aʻe.
‘ʻAʻole ʻInoʻino Nā Mea A Pau’
Hoʻopaʻa ʻIa Ke Kalepona he 2,500 mau pāpilionakana ma ka lepo a puni ka honua, a he pākolu kēlā o ka nui kalepona ma ka halalani, a he pāhā kēlā o ka nui ma nā lāʻau a me nā holoholona.
No laila, ʻo ka lepo he waihona kalepona e lawe mai i nā hoʻokomo o ka meakino paʻupopo. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kalepona a ʻai ʻia e nā mū i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka, a kolo kekahi mau mea mai ka lepo me he carbon dioxide lā e ʻai ʻia e nā lāʻau.
Ua hoʻonele akula ka mahikō nui ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu lāʻau ma nā ʻāina like ʻole ma Hawaiʻi, a ʻo ke kaukaʻi nui ʻia akula nō ia o nā kīpulu mai ʻō mai.
“ʻAʻole ʻinoʻino nā mea a pau,” wahi a Susan Crow, he hope polopeka ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa.
Noiʻi ʻo Crow i ko Hawaiʻi lepo me kona hui ma ke keʻena hana ma ko UH College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Aia ke kālele i nā ea hoʻomehana honua a me ka pilina o ka ʻāina a me ka nohona kanaka.
I loko nō o ka nalowale ʻana o nā meakino paʻupopo ma nā lepo ʻulaʻula uliuli i makeʻe ʻia e nā mahikō, ua koe aku nō “nā iwi maikaʻi,” wahi a Crow.
“Hiki ke kūkulu hou ʻia,” āna i ʻōlelo aku ai. “Eia hoʻi, he mau ʻano kupanaha ko kēlā mau lepo, a he waiwai lua ʻole kēlā no kahi mahiʻai, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka meakino paʻupopo.”
‘He Wā No Ka Hana’
Ua komo ʻo Crow i kahi noiʻi honua ma ka makahiki 2017, a ua hōʻike ʻia, hiki i ka lepo ke kākoʻo nui i ke kāohi hoʻomehana honua. Akā, ua ālai naʻe ka hoʻēmi kālā aupuni i ka hiki ʻana o nā mea noiʻi ke aʻo i nā mea hou.
ʻO kēia nō ka wā e wela ai ka hao; e maliu pono ana ko Hawaiʻi i nā lepo a e kālele ana ko Biden papa luna hoʻokele i ka hoʻohuli aniau, wahi a nā mea noiʻi.
Ua pani ʻia ka mahikō hope loa i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka noiʻi ma ka makahiki 2017, a he hōʻailona kēlā no ke kinohi o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ka mokuʻāina ʻōnaehana meaʻai, wahi a Crow.
“He wā koʻikoʻi kēia,” wahi a Crow. “He wā kēia no ka hana.”
ʻO nā pila i hiki paha ke hoʻāpono ʻia ma ka ʻAhaʻōlelo, ʻo ia nā mea e kālele laulā i ka hana meaʻai a pau ma ko Hawaiʻi ʻāina ma kahi o nā mea e kālele kikoʻī i ka lepo a me ka mahiʻai ʻana wale nō.
He mau pila ko nā mea kau kānāwai e nānā aku ai, e laʻa ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā manawa kūpono no nā mahiʻai ʻilihune, ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi polokalamu uku pānaʻi no ka pulu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi polokalamu lepo ola maikaʻi me nā pae like ʻole.
ʻŌlelo akula ʻo Crow, hiki i nā pila ke lilo i makepono ma ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai laulā no nā mahiʻai a me ka ʻāina.
Kapa ka mea noiʻi mahiʻai ʻo Shaffer i kēia manawa, ʻo kēia he “manawa quantum.”
Ua hele a ikaika ke kākoʻo no ka lepo ma kēlā me kēia aupuni. Ma ka makahiki 2020, ua loaʻa ka World Food Prize i ka mea noiʻi lepo ʻo Rattan Lal ma Ohio State University — kohu like ia me ka Nobel Prize no ka meaʻai — no kāna kaʻina hana e hoʻokahua ʻia ka lepo ma ka hoʻonui hana mea ʻai, ka mālama kumu kūlohelohe a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka hoʻohuli aniau ma ka manawa like.
Hoʻokahua kāna kaʻina hana i ka meakino paʻupopo — ka pulu, ka manua, a me ka biochar (ka meakino paʻupopo i hoʻokalepona ʻia) — a ʻo ia kahi mea e maliu pono ʻia ma o ka honua. Ke pāpā nei ʻo Palani i ka ʻuhaʻuha mea ʻai a nā hale kūʻai meaʻai, a lawe ʻia ke koena i nā panakō meaʻai a me nā mahiʻai no ka hoʻopulu ʻia. Ma ka lā 1 o Ianuali, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kaleponi e hoʻokō i kahi kānāwai e koi ʻia ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻōpala paʻupopo a me ka ʻōpala ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā makepono ma ka hana pulu, ʻo ia nā mea i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoihoi a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōpala paʻupopo ma loko o ka mokuʻāina, wahi a Crow. Na kēia mea e hoʻēmi i ke ea hoʻomehana honua ma nā wahi mālama ʻōpala a ma ka halihali ukana ʻana kekahi, wahi āna. E hoʻōla pū ʻia hoʻi ke olakino o ka ʻāina.
Ka Papahelu Huaʻōlelo Hou
ʻAuwaha – trench
Palena papaha – potential
Hoʻonohonoho papa – classify
Halalani – atmosphere
Kalepona – carbon
Pāpiliona – giga
Kana – ton
Meakino paʻupopo – organic matter
Mū e ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka – microbe
Naikokene – nitrogen
Kīpulu – fertilizer
Pulu – compost
Kūlohelohe – natural
Papa luna hoʻokele – administration
Manua – manure
ʻUhaʻuha – to waste
Hale kūʻai liʻiliʻi – outlet stores
Hoʻokomo – imports
Mokaika – mosaic
Malele – irregular
Haʻaliu – to process
Wahi a Hunter Heaivilin, ʻo ia kahi hoa kūkā no nā ʻōnaehana meaʻai a me kahi hoa paipai no Hawaii Farmers Union United, he hōʻailona kēlā me kēia pila no kēlā hopena e moemoeā ʻia: e hele nō a kūpaʻa ko Hawaiʻi mau ʻōnaehana meaʻai ma ke alo o ka hoʻohuli aniau.
“Eia kuʻu kuhi a me kuʻu manaʻo, he pono ko kākou noʻonoʻo ʻokoʻa ʻana,” wahi a Heaivilin.
Kuhi nā pila a pau i ka hopena e loaʻa ai kahi ʻōnaehana meaʻai mālama ʻāina e kaukaʻi ʻole i ka mea ʻai hoʻokomo. Akā, ʻaʻole pau ka hopena ma ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā mea ʻai hoʻokomo. E noʻonoʻo ʻokoʻa ʻia ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai holoʻokoʻa a me ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka mahiʻai ʻana.
“Ua pili kēia i ka moemoeā ʻana i ka hopena o kā mākou hana mahiʻai ma waho aʻe o ko kākou pōʻai,” wahi a Heaivilin. “He mokaika ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ma o nā ʻāina mahiʻai a pau.”
Ua lana ka manaʻo o Heaivilin, e kākoʻo aku kēlā ʻano noʻonoʻo iā Hawaiʻi e hele a kūpaʻa ma ke aniau loliloli a malele — ma nā ahi, nā wā maloʻo, a me nā wai hālana.
Ka Uku ʻAna I Ka Pila
ʻO kēlā manawa aku nei e nānā ʻia ai ko Hawaiʻi mau lepo, aia nō ia mai ka makahiki 1965 a i ka makahiki 1972, a na ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi i hana. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho pae lepo, ua hana ʻia ma ka wā e lahalaha ai ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, a mau nō naʻe ua mau pae lepo nei, akā ua hāpai ʻia nā pila ma kēia wā ʻahaʻōlelo e hōʻano hou i kēlā mau mea ma o ke koi ʻana aku iā Office of Planning and Sustainabale Development e noiʻi i ka hiki ʻana o nā pae lepo ʻānō ke mahiʻai ʻia.
Hoʻākāka nā pae i ka lepo a me kona palena papaha no ka hopena ma ka ʻenehana lā, ka hana meaʻai, a me ka mālama nāhelehele ma o ka mokuʻāina. ʻO Senate Bill 2056 — ʻo Kenekoa Lorraine Inouye ka mea hoʻolauna nui — ua nānā ʻia nō me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoihoi.
Ma ka manawa like, ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi polokalamu lepo ola maikaʻi a me ka noiʻi lepo no ka mokuʻāina holoʻokoʻa e Kenekoa Mike Gabbard, ʻo ia ka luna noho ma ka Agriculture and Environment Committee. Ma Senate Bill 2989, e koi ka polokalamu iā Department of Agriculture e hāʻawi aku i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā hana e ola maikaʻi ai nā lepo a e hāʻawi i nā makana kālā e kākoʻo ʻia ai nā mahiʻai e hoʻokō i ua mau hana nei.
He pila ʻē aʻe kā Gabbard e kālele ʻia ai ke carbon sequestration.
ʻO ka lepo ke kumu o kona kālele ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka ʻāina, a wahi āna, ʻo ia kahi mea āna i nānā ʻole ai ma o ka hala ʻana o kēlā kenekulia aku nei.
“ʻAʻole e loli ana ka lepo i hoʻokahi pō. He pono ka maliu pono ʻia ʻana,” wahi a Gabbard. “Akā e aho kākou e hoʻomaka ma kekahi wahi.”
ʻO ka hoʻopili lua ʻana o nā pila mahiʻai, keu hoʻi nā pili e kālele i nā lepo, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi, wahi a Brian Miyamoto, ʻo ia ka Luna Hoʻokō no Hawaii Farm Bureau.
Ua hoihoi loa ke keʻena i ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o kahi pila e hoʻēmi ʻia ai ke kumukūʻai o ka pulu, ʻoiai, ua lanakila nō ka polokalamu hoʻāʻo ma ka makahiki 2019.
Akā, ua pili nā mea a pau i ke kālaiʻāina a me ke kālā, ʻoiai, e koi ʻia aku nō ka ʻiʻini pau ʻole a me ke kālā nui no ka haku ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana meaʻai hou, mai ka lepo a i ka pā ʻai.
Ua paipai ʻia ʻo Miyamoto e ka moʻohelu kālā lokomaikaʻi ma kēia makahiki, akā koe aku nō nā pilikia he nui ma ko Hawaiʻi ʻōnaehana meaʻai, mai nā hoʻohaiki hoʻolimalima a i nā hale pepehi holoholona.
He haʻina kā ka Pelekikena no HFUU ʻo Vincent Mina no ka hoʻokāhuli ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai me ka ʻole o ke koi ʻana i ke kālā ʻauhau: e ʻimi i ke kālā mai kahi ʻona biliona i hōʻumeʻume ʻia e Hawaiʻi. Wahi a Mina, hiki ke hoʻomaka me ke kālā he $1 biliona, a ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻia akula nō ia o nā pūkuʻi mea ʻai, nā polokalamu pulu a me nā lako pono haʻaliu.
“ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi kaʻa kauō ʻo U-Haul e hahai ana i kahi kaʻa kupapaʻu,” wahi a Mina. “ʻAʻole kēia no ka hoʻihoʻi kālā ʻia ʻana ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana; he hoʻoilina kēia a lākou e waiho aku ai.”
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia papahana e ka ʻOhana o Harry Nathaniel, Levani Lipton, ka ʻOhana Mar, a me Lisa Kleissner.
Ua uku hapa ʻia ʻo “Hawaii Grown” e nā makana kālā maiā Ulupono Fund ma ka Hawaii Community Foundation a me ka Frost Family Foundation.
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kā Civil Beat kūkala nūhou ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻohuli aniau e ka Environmental Funders Group ma ka Hawaii Community Foundation, Marisla Fund ma ka Hawaii Community Foundation a me ka Frost Family Foundation.
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About the Author
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Thomas Heaton is a reporter for Civil Beat. You can reach him by email at theaton@civilbeat.org or follow him on Twitter at @thomasheaton__